Sporting activity produces not only physical well-being , but it is also important to improve the self concept and is correlated to a smaller presence of physical and psychosomatic diseases that often are indicators of an emotional discomfort. In the adolescence, sporting activity is an activity in which the identity of the subject and his social relations are built. The aim of this study is to analyze if some3 psychological characteristics (self-efficacy, body and family perception, locus of control, anxiety, psychosomatic symptoms) influence the adolescents’practice of sport. The study was carried out on 303 students (168 boys, 135 girls) with the administration of five questionnaires : Self Efficacy, TMA (body and family), QAI ( Questionnaire of Interpersonal Adaptation), W-E (Worry-Emotionality scale). Obtained results confirm the hypothesis : some psychological characteristics can influence the practice of the sporting activities.

The importance if the mental aspects in order to obtain a sport excellence performance us widely recognized. An effective mental training, must have a structured method, with a first phase of analysis, a second phase for the performance optimization, followed by a verify of the results and at last phase for the maintenance of them. Starting from these point, in this paper is presented the SFERA model, elaborated by the Unit in Sport Psychology, SUISM, University of Turin , Italy. This multidimensional model born from the practical experience and from the evolution of a research about 102 high-level alpine ski athletes.. Through the analysis and the optimization of the five factors which compose the acronym SFERA- Synchrony, points of Strenght (In Italian Forza)., Energy, Rhyrhm, Activation – it is possible to propose to the athlete a personalized mental training program, though specific techniques.

The decrease in joint mobility causes physical limitations in very advanced ages subjects which reduces their personal autonomy. Muscle strength and mass decrease with age, as do the number of muscle fibers, which constitute one of the main factors related to the risk of failling. This problem motivated the Authors to research whether these two abilities could be improved through aerobic gymnastic activity. The AA. Contacted the director of the “Le Conce” Recreation Center for the Elderly, and identifies an experimentation group (15 subjects) and a control group (15 subjects) between the ages of 59 and 86 years. Both groups were given similar motor skoòò tests amd psychological tests , but only the experimentation group participated in an aerobic gymnastic activity. The results of the test demonstrated significant improvement in both motor skills and relational areas, and confirmed that aerobic gymnastic performed by the elderly improves both muscle strength and joint mobility