Aim of this study was to investigate the role of kinesthetic vertical frame of reference during a kinesthetic judgement in a group of observers placed in front of two famous slopes of the Triestine karst.

The group of observers was divided into expert an non expert climbers did not use a kinesthetic vertical frame of reference as anchoring before performing the kinaesthetic task, while non expert climbers used the vertical anchor more often.

Different studies have shown that when tutors are more supportive of autonomy and less controlling the trainees demonstrate higher level of intrinsic motivation. The present study, carried out in the context of Judo' s classroom, analysed the role of tutor's beliefs about a trainee in influencing this relation. Thirty tutors and thirty trainees participated in the study. Each tutor supervised a trainee during a 30 minutes period of training. Tutors were given no information regarding the trainee (group N; n=10) ,were told that the trainee was intrinsically motivated (group I, n=10) or that the trainee was extrinsically motivated (group E, n=10).

Results show that trainees who were believed to be intrinsically motivated perceived their tutors as being more supportive of their autonomy, reported to feel themselves as more interested in the training session and spent more time during a free choice period.

The aim of this research was to check if the behaviour of adolescents sport teams' coaches have some effect on social and task cohesion of athlete's group and through which way. To this end the Group Environment Questionnaire and the Leadership Scale for Sports have been administered to 114 males, players of 9 football teams, and an interview has been administered to their coaches. The correlation and linear regression between the factors of the questionnaires show a positive and significant relationship between the group cohesion and the coaches' behaviours: democratic, of social support, to the athletes and others aimed to improve the performances of single player. Providing positive feedback would affect the only task cohesion. According to the trainers' opinion, on the contrary, their participation in order to improve the social and task cohesion of the team would focused on behaviours as: to consider the athletes on the same level, ti try to understand them, to have with them a friendly relationship and to make opportunity of meeting between them easier. As far as the task cohesion some coaches have suggested as important elements, besides, the severity and don't make to lose sight of aim's achievement to the group.

The Authors, through the match of the 4 Cantons in Basketball make evident that the affective experiential aspects- emotional, in a stressful situation, greatly conditioning the conscious perception by their own means and the acceptance of the innate "challenger" in the internal logic of the match favour the production of decisive strategies little useful in game relations, bring it to a true and proper "escape" from the match